International Conference on Information and Knowledge Technology

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Coded Sharding for Vehicular Blockchains: A Lagrange Interpolation-Based Approach to IoV Scalability

Authors :

Behdad Alagha¹ Maedeh Mosharraf²

1- دانشگاه شهید بهشتی 2- دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

Keywords :

Blockchain Scalability،Decentralization،Internet of Vehicles،Polynomial Encoding،Scalability Trilemma،Sharding Scheme

Abstract :

The rapid growth of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems introduces significant scalability and storage challenges, especially as vehicle-generated data must be securely and efficiently managed on resource-constrained infrastructure. Inspired by PolyShard’s coding-theoretic approach to resolving the blockchain trilemma, this paper proposes a Lagrange interpolation-based coded sharding scheme tailored for vehicular blockchain environments. Our method encodes shard data using evaluations of low-degree polynomials, allowing nodes to store compact, coded versions of the chain. We simulate this approach on a 10×10 Manhattan grid topology to assess its storage efficiency, throughput and resilience against adversarial data loss. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly reduces per-node storage consumption compared to full replication while delivering substantially higher throughput and superior fault tolerance over naïve sharding. Hence, the scheme demonstrates promising adaptability and scalability for dynamic and intermittently connected IoV scenarios, where traditional blockchain systems often fall short. Furthermore, this work lays a foundational step towards scalable and secure vehicular blockchains and opens avenues for integrating coded verification in future deployments.